W niedzielę, 14 kwietnia, odpowiadając na wezwanie Międzynarodowej Czerwonej Pomocy w sprawie międzynarodowego dnia akcji solidarności z aresztowaną towarzyszką Daniellą Klette oraz towarzyszami E.Staubem i B.Garwegiem, którzy są represjonowani jako członkowie RAF-u, zorganizowałyśmy zgromadzenie solidarnościowe przed niemiecką ambasadą. Zgromadzenie trwało około godziny, a uczestniczący w nim towarzysze wykrzykiwali hasła. Na ulicy Loukianou odsłonięto transparent i rozdawano ulotki. Tekst wystąpienia: 26 lutego 2024 roku, po 34 latach nielegalnego życia, Daniela Klette została aresztowana, oskarżona o udział we Frakcji Czerwonej Armii (RAF), a także o serię napadów na banki po rozwiązaniu organizacji w 1998 roku. W tym samym czasie Federalny Urząd Policji […]

От 20 до 26 май 2024 г. групи и отделни лица от различни части на света ще се срещнат в Прага, за да координират антивоенни дейности в рамките на Седмицата на действието. Поредицата от събития ще включва и антивоенен конгрес, който ще се проведе от петък 24 до неделя 26 май 2024 г. На конгреса ще бъдат представени кампании, преки действия, проекти, публикации и анализи, свързани с въпроса за войната. Наред с други неща, това интернационалистическо събитие ще служи като отворена асамблея, която ще се опита да съчетае теоретичната подготовка с практически дейности.

An international call went out for a coordinated economic blockade for a free Palestine for April 15th. While many people probably decided to go north to Seattle, where they blockaded the Sea-Tac international airport, a small group of us got together and decided to plan what we could to here in Olympia. It's cool and […]

Avevamo già espresso la nostra posizione circa il progetto di un campus studentesco a Monfalcone nella zona di via Grado in un'area agricola distante dal centro cittadino. Il 24 aprile la variante per il campus è stata approvata in comune le osservazioni – tra cui quella che avevamo presentato noi – sono state tutte respinte… una volta esistevano i campi di sterminio, oggi siamo allo sterminio dei campi" A. Zanzotto

Und Tadaa! Die Überraschung ist: Nach unserem tollen Fest am 1.Mai beehren uns die unehelichen Kinder aus dem Schoß von Mutter Punk von @sellundschepanksy aus Wien! Offen ist ab 20:00h kommt rum und habt eine schöne Zeit!

Presentazione del libro di Renato Curcio “Sovraimplicazioni” le interferenze del capitalismo cibernetico nelle pratiche della vita quotidiana. Domenica 12 maggio 2024 ore 17 Circolo Anarchico Ponte della Ghisolfa Viale Monza 255 Milano LE INTERFERENZE DEL CAPITALISMO CIBERNETICO NELLE PRATICHE DI VITA QUOTIDIANA Il percorso nell’infrastruttura di Internet qui proposto mette in evidenza le sovraimplicazioni che gravano sulle nostre pratiche quotidiane e i cambiamenti antropologici che esse comportano. Alle sovraimplicazioni del sistema geopolitico di novecentesca memoria si sono affiancate negli ultimi decenni le limitazioni e gli indirizzamenti propri del capitalismo cibernetico. Il quale, con l’implementazione dell’Intelligenza Artificiale, e nella crescente ibridazione […]

The U.S. military presence in Latin America is growing stronger and its expansionist plan is intensifying every day through the Southern Command led by General Laura Richardson, due to its growing interest in controlling lithium, water sources, Venezuelan oil, gold and copper, and of course the Amazon. The head of the Southern Command travels from south to north of the assigned territory with the clear purpose of scaring away her eventual competitors: China, Russia and Iran. For the United States, this competition for resources is a matter of “national security.” When it comes to a matter of “national security”, for […]

Four members of the occupying forces have been killed by guerrillas in the Metîna region, which is threatened by a Turkish invasion. According to the press office of the People’s Defence Forces (HPG), details of the latest actions by the guerrillas and attacks by the Turkish army in the guerrilla-held Medya Defense Zones in southern Kurdistan (northern Iraq) are as follows: “Metîna region; On 2 May at 18:30, the invaders who entered a tent in Golka Resistance Area were targeted and struck with medium automatic weapons. In this action, 4 invaders were punished, and the tent was destroyed. Şehîd Delîl […]

The Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) declared that the US House of Representatives’ vote in favor of expanding the definition of the term “anti-Semitism” is an attempt to thwart the university uprising and legitimize the policy of repression and abuse against students and others in society. In a statement on Friday, the PFLP condemned the transformation of the law into a tool to strike all forms of solidarity with Palestine and “kill any criticism of Zionist practices and policies within American society.” The PFLP emphasized that the current events represent a deceitful manipulation of US laws, aiming […]

In den letzten Tagen kam es in der südwestkolumbianischen Provinz Cauca erneut zu schweren Kämpfen zwischen der Nationalen Armee und verschiedenen Strukturen des Westblocks Kommandant Jacobo Arenas der FARC-EP, Zentraler Generalstab. Unlängst machten zahlreiche Menschenrechtsorganisationen, aber auch indigene Organisationen auf die Lage in der Provinz nach dem Aufkündigen des Waffenstillstandes durch die Regierung aufmerksam. In der Nacht zum Freitag auf den 3. Mai wurde bekannt, dass schwere Kämpfe im Dorf La Playa, einer ländlichen Gegend der Gemeinde Toribío im Norden der Provinz, stattfanden. Dabei verloren nach Angaben der Behörden mindestens zwei Soldaten ihr Leben, andere wurden verwundet. Hier gab es […]

The Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) emphasized its commitment to the ceasefire demands of the remainder of the Palestinian Resistance factions. The Palestinian Resistance has been demanding a complete cessation of the aggression on Gaza, the withdrawal of the occupation forces from the Gaza Strip, a prisoner exchange deal, and the return of all displaced persons to their homes from which they were displaced. The PFLP underlined its commitment to the righteous demands of the Resistance. “There is full and comprehensive coordination between all resistance factions,” the PFLP said. “There is a consensus on the demands of […]

On May 3, 2020, US-backed mercenaries failed in the so-called “Operation Gedeon,” an attempt to assassinate Venezuelan President Nicolas Maduro and execute a coup d’état. On that occasion, Venezuelan Interior Minister Nestor Reverol informed that the Bolivarian National Armed Forces (FANB) and the National Police’s Special Action Forces intercepted an incursion by sea of mercenaries. These US-backed mercenaries were seeking to initiate a plan of violent actions in this South American country. Here is a chronological reconstruction of the events related to Operation Gideon: April 20: Weapons theft. Four captains and a lieutenant of the Bolivarian National Guard (GNB) were […]

As Burkina Faso attempts to move away from neo-colonial domination by France and the United States, the possibility of intervention via “humanitarian” channels grows more likely. Western NGOs like Human Rights Watch (HRW) and Western state-funded news outlets such as the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) and Voice of America (VOA) are not merely consistent in siding with imperialism. They are extensions of it. This must be kept in mind when attempting to understand why the African nation Burkina Faso suspended the radio broadcasts of BBC Africa and VOA for two weeks over their coverage of an HRW report. On April […]

The Palestinian Resistance has intensified its targeting of the Netzarim axis, established by the occupation in north-central Gaza and considered as a dividing corridor between Gaza City and its north on one hand and between the central and southern regions of Gaza on the other. The Martyr Izz al-Din al-Qassam Brigades, the military wing of the Hamas movement, engaged gatherings of occupation forces troops near Kibbutz Nirim using a missile barrage. It also engaged troops at the Netzarim axis using a 114 mm short-range Rajum missile system. Using heavy-caliber mortar shells, the brigades also engaged the headquarters of the Southern […]

Popular Front: The Yemeni Armed Forces’ announcement of the start of the fourth phase of escalation against the occupation is a turning point in the battle and a courageous and historic decision. The Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine praised the announcement by the Ansar Allah Movement and the Yemeni Armed Forces of the start of implementation of the fourth phase of escalation in response to the continuation of the ongoing war of extermination on the Gaza Strip, stressing that this important Yemeni step is a turning point in the ongoing battle between the resistance, the Zionist entity, America […]

Spokesman for the Yemeni Armed Forces Yahya Saree on Friday announced a new stage in escalations that involves the targeting of ships heading to Zionist ports from the Mediterranean Sea. “We announce the implementation of the fourth phase of escalation by targeting ships moving towards occupied Palestinian ports,” Saree said. Saree outlined three measures: targeting violating ships, immediate implementation, and imposing sanctions on ships related to supplying occupied Palestinian ports if the entity invades Rafah. “First, the targeting of all ships that violate the ban decision of Zionist navigation and that heading to the ports of occupied Palestine from the […]

On Sunday, 14/4, responding to the call of the International Red Aid on an international day of action in solidarity with the arrested comrade D.Klette and comrades E.Staub and B.Garweg, who are persecuted as members of the RAF, we held a solidarity gathering outside the German embassy. The gathering lasted about an hour, with the comrades that participated shouting slogans. The banner was opened on Loukianou Street and leaflets were distributed. The text of the intervention: On February 26, 2024, after 34 years of living illegally, Daniela Klette was arrested, accused of participating in the Red Army Faction (RAF), as […]

Clashes took place in Santiago as part of the commemoration of Workers’ Day from 10 a. m. until the afternoon. Clashes were reported in the midst of the demonstration called by the Central Clasista de Trabajadores, on both lanes of the Alameda, particularly in the section between Brasil and Matucana streets. Carabinieri arrived at the scene, using water and gas cannons. Hooded anarchist demonstrators confronted the police with blunt instruments, Molotov cocktails and destroyed commercial premises and erected barricades in various areas Anarchists threw incendiary devices inside the Central Station. The Carabinieri reported at least 16 arrests, including 5 for […]

The Art of Writing Essays The ability to compose essays is something that all students should learn. Whether you are in high school or college, essays are an integral part of your academic journey. Not only do they allow you to demonstrate your understanding of a subject, but they also help you develop critical thinking, analytical, and communication skills. We will share with you some valuable tips and tricks to assist you in writing exceptional essays. Understanding Essay Structure The basic structure for an essay must be understood before writing begins. An essay is composed of three parts, an introduction, […]

Urgent Essays – What You Should Know It is important to be able to effectively manage time when writing for academic purposes. However, sometimes you’ll find yourself in a situation where your deadline is tight for an essay. It may be necessary in such situations to get professional assistance from an urgent essay-writing service. The article below will give you all the necessary information about urgent essays, and show you how they help you to meet deadlines. What is a Urgent Essay? Urgent essays are academic papers that need to be completed in a short amount of times. The essays […]

Considering the Palestine solidarity encampment’s alignment with UChicago’s Kalven Report By Gabriel Winant Originally published in the Chicago Maroon. The Palestine solidarity encampment on the quad represents a significant trial for the University of Chicago’s frequently emphasized commitments to academic freedom and free expression. This challenge arises from internal tensions within the policies of the University, connected to the questions of what constitutes disruption, and what constitutes institutional ideological neutrality. It is of great importance for our academic community going forward that we as an institution face this challenge with integrity despite the difficulties that may be involved. The conflict…

from Philly Metro Area WSA By Rebecca Croog, An interview series with Sachio Ko-yin. “In order to have a society where workers manage themselves collectively, we need all of our best group process skills. To have a culture that values all voices and all people equally in decision-making, we need to practice ways of working…

from It’s Going Down [This post only contains information relevant to Philadelphia and the surrounding area, to read the entire article follow the above link.] In this column, we present our monthly roundup of political prisoner, prison rebel, and repression news, happenings, announcements, action and analysis. Packed in as always are updates, fundraisers, and birthdays.…

A zine was submitted to the distro regarding going through the process of getting arrested at an encampment. The formatting is, new, to us. below is an imposition guide. If there are any extra folds not on the bind at the end of the process, we have found it best to cut them, then staple on the spine of the zine with 1 staple. It also seems to be formatted for Legal size paper, but you can print on a letter size paper and slice off the extra. The front side is the side containing the cover (with hands in […]

On Wednesday A17, one of Paul E. Singer's two $15 million dollar Aspen residences was vandalized in solidarity with the Palestinian resistance. This is why: Paul E. Singer's hedge fund, Elliot Investment Management, controls about $71 billion in assets, including $847 million worth of shares in Howmet Aerospace Inc, which produces parts for the F-35 […]

Depois da leitura de Lorenzo e Kropotkin, o GELP começa um novo ciclo. A ideia é fazer a leitura dos textos daquela que leva o nome do grupo, Lucy Parsons! O encontro vai acontecer na Biblioteca Terra Livre, quinzenalmente e o próximo encontro vai rolar no dia 17 de maio às 18h. Mas como temos uma limitação de espaço, pedimos as pessoas interessadas façam a inscrição mandando-nos um e-mail para bibliotecaterralivre@gmail.com. Nesse primeiro encontro escolhemos saber como Lucy entendia o anarquismo e, para tanto, vamos conversar sobre o texto “Os princípios do anarquismo” e “Somos todos anarquistas”. Para texto complementar, […]

Wenn man die alltägliche Gewalt und die historischen Massengräber des Nationalismus betrachtet, verwundert es, dass es auch heute noch linke Bewegungen gibt, die im Nationalismus das Instrument zur Befreiung sehen. Tatsächlich stand hinter dem Konzept der Nation historisch aber auch mal eine emanzipatorische Idee: Es ging es darum, Untertan:innen unabhängig von Herkunft und Stand zu gleichen und freien Subjekten zu machen. Bekanntermaßen

La sera del 28 aprile ha avuto luogo al cpr di Gradisca un altro tentativo di fuga. Otto prigionieri hanno cercato di evadere, fortunatamente tre di essi sono riusciti a far perdere le proprie tracce, complice il buio. Un altro, cadendo dal muro di cinta si è fratturato la caviglia ed è stato trasportato all’ospedale (ci risulta attualmente libero), gli altri, alla fine di una notte passata sui tetti, sono stati poi riportati nelle celle dalle guardie. Il mese appena trascorso è stato molto movimentato all’interno del campo: il lancio del cibo avariato nei corridoi seguito da uno sciopero della […]

POR LA EXPANSION DEL KAOS  PROKURA KE VIVA LA ANARKIA !  MURICIO MORALES PRESENTE !

Este texto pretende ser un aporte al desarrollo y a la profundización del combate anárquico informal tomando en consideración los avances tecnológicos cada vez más especializados en el control y la vigilancia, de la población en general y sobretodo hacia quienes se aventuren a rebelarse contra lo establecido. Nace también de la necesidad de asestarle golpes más duros y continuos al poder que generen grietas que se puedan ir abriendo. A nadie sorprende el acelerado aumento de la vigilancia realizada mediante cámaras de seguridad, las múltiples tarjetas que tenemos que utilizar para hacer casi todo y el incipiente pero rápido […]

20 minutes Article de presse gratuit disponible Extrait La « Dépêche du Midi » raconte qu’un enfant de dix ans est venu le 1er mai au commissariat central de Toulouse pour demander de l’aide, dans un conflit avec ses parents. Il aurait été invité à partir, sans même qu’on lui demande son identité

LA DÉPÊCHE Article de presse gratuit disponible Extrait Dans le viseur de l’opérateur : un extrait vidéo où l’on peut apercevoir deux policiers municipaux approcher d’un homme éméché, puis lui asséner des coups. Soudainement, la caméra de surveillance change d’angle de vue et filme une autre partie de la rue. Puis tout aussi soudainement, elle se replace dans l’angle initial. Entre-temps, les agents et l’homme sont sortis du champ.

Informativo Anarquista / jeudi 2 mai 2024 29 mars 2024 Nous, quelques anarchistes, nous coordonnons dans la banlieue de Santiago : à Cerro Navia, à La Victoria, à Villa Francia… En ce jour [le 29 mars la gauche révolutionnaire chilienne célèbre le Jour du jeune combattant ; NdAtt.] de douleur et de rage, de mémoire et aussi d’action, nous prenons le chemin de la confrontation avec le pouvoir et ceux qui le soutiennent.

Informativo Anarquista / mercredi 1er mai 2024 Le 16 avril, des lycéens de l’Instituto Nacional, les visages couverts, se sont opposés, à coup de cocktails Molotov, à la présence des COP [l’anti-émeute des Carabineros ; NdAtt.], en réponse au harcèlement et à la répression interne qu’ils/elles ont subi ces derniers temps et en particulier à ce qui s’est passé vendredi 12 avril, quand des fonctionnaires du lycée ont fermé le portail d’accès, alors qu’un groupe de lycéens était sorti pour aller à une manifestation. Des lycéens ont essayé d’ouvrir la porte pour protéger leur intégrité de l’attaque des COP, ce à […]

Perjalanan Sejarah Arnold C Ap dan Mambesak BIOGRAFI ARNOLD C.AP Nama : ARNOLD C.AP Tempat Lahir : Biak Numfor Tanggal Lahir: 1 Juli 1945 Akhir Riwayat: 26 April 1984 Pendidikan : S1 Geografi Universitas: UNCEN SD: Sekolah Jorgens Vervolg di Waupnor Biak SMP dan SMA Biak Anak Ke: 2 dari Lima Bersaudara Ibu dan Ayah : 1. Meljanus A p Alexandrina Ap-Mofu Satatus                         : Nikah ( Jayapura pada 5 Oktober 1974) Anak                            : Memunyai emapat anak ( Oridek, Mambri, Erisam dan Mansorak)       Sejarah Mambesak Penggagas Mambesak Arnold C. Ap menyadari pentingnya memertahankan kebudayaan dari ancaman budaya modern. […]

Hi everyone, Here’s the first part of our upcoming string of staggered releases; Return Fire vol.6 chap.6, complete with a separate version of the covers if you’re printing yourself. Here’s the main contents: Let’s Talk about Attack (lighting the fuse in every restless heart) Targets That Do Not Exist Anywhere Else & ‘To Choose Wisely’ The ‘Green’ Farce Everywhere and Nowhere Else (putting fire to the new face of ecocide) ‘Gállok is the Name of a Place’ & “Their Greed Never Stops” ‘The Scarcity Dynamo’ (patriarchy & the logic of the Machine) Their Sustainability is a Disaster – Let’s Smash […]

Am Samstag ruft Ingolstadt ist bunt zum großen Sternmarsch für Demokratie und Menschenrechte auf. Wir organisieren eine antifaschistische Beteiligung. Menschenrechte scheinen an den Europäischen Außengrenzen oft nicht gültig. Wenn wieder Menschen zu Tode kommen, weil sie die Flucht nach Europa antreten, ist die Verantwortung dafür oft bei Frontex und der allgemeinen europäischen Abschottungspolitik zu suchen. Auch hat die deutsche Praxis von Deportation und Abschiebehaft wenig mit Menschenrechten zu tun. Die Demokratie ist gerade mit Blick auf die jüngsten Korruptionsskandale im Europaparlament und dem Aufstieg rechtspopulistischer und faschistischer Parteien in Gefahr und vor allem im täglichen Leben, in der Arbeitswelt und […]

Costruiamo un dibattito partecipato sul progetto di costruzione della nuova Ferrovia in Trentino e sui suoi impatti sul territorio? Iniziamo da un incontro informale e di conoscenza aperto a tutte e tutti coloro che vogliono avere informazioni o partecipare attivamente alla diffusione delle informazioni su TAV in Trentino e Bypass ferroviario di Rovereto.

Rivendicazione dell’attacco incendiario contro sedici furgoni Amazon (Berlino, Germania, 1° maggio 2024) Hey Jeff, le vedi le nuvole di fumo? Nella notte tra il 30/04/2024 e il 21/04/2024¹, con 6 dispositivi incendiari abbiamo messo fuori uso permanentemente almeno 16 furgoni Amazon in un parcheggio aziendale a Berlino/Thyssenstraße. Notoriamente il 1° maggio è la giornata internazionale di lotta della classe operaia. Il nostro barbecue a benzina intende incitare alla lotta contro l’oppressione delle persone e della natura e alimentare l’inevitabile scontro tra sfruttati e padroni. Ralf Kleber, ex capo di Amazon-Germania: “Ci disturba molto di più una gelata che una chiamata […]

Ieri ci siamo riappropriati di un luogo importante della città, uno spazio da alcuni anni privato alla cittadinanza e messo all’asta per rispondere alle logiche pervasive della speculazione immobiliare. Con l’apertura delle porte dei Poliambulatori di via Monte San Michele abbiamo voluto indicare la possibilità di invertire la tendenza della svendita del patrimonio comune e la privatizzazione dei servizi pubblici, per restituire i luoghi della città ad una funzione collettiva e i processi di gestione del territorio alla comunità. Un Primo Maggio fuori dalle ritualità in cui si sono intrecciate diverse vertenze incarnate nelle nostre vite – dal lavoro all’educazione, […]

Blocco stradale in viale Giulio Agricola, incendio di un postamat e danneggiamento di una filiale di Intesa Sanpaolo (Roma, 24 aprile 2024) Apprendiamo dai mass-media (che fin dalla mattina hanno dato un certo risalto all’evento) che poco prima delle 04:00 di mercoledì 24 aprile, in viale Giulio Agricola, nel quartiere Appio Claudio a Roma, alcuni ignoti hanno realizzato un blocco stradale tramite un’improvvisata barricata incendiaria composta con dei cassonetti, trascinati nella carreggiata e incendiati. Al contempo un ufficio postale situato nei pressi è stato attaccato: le fiamme, sebbene spente in concomitanza dell’intervento delle forze di polizia, hanno comunque danneggiato il […]

France Bleu Article de presse gratuit disponible Extrait Un gendarme mobile, affecté à la caserne Dutertre de Joué-lès-Tours, est poursuivi pour « voyeurisme », après avoir pris des photos de sa belle-fille de 11 ans sous la douche. Le père de famille a été suspendu par sa hiérarchie.

The small town of Pößneck, some 30 km south of the city of Jena (Thuringia), is not known for its antics, to say the least. Unlike its little sister, Jena’s walls have, over the centuries, endured the fury of peasant rebels who, between 1524 and 1526, destroyed and pillaged hundreds of castles and religious buildings in the Holy Roman Empire. This insurrection, dubbed the “Uprising of the Common Man” (Erhebung des gemeinen Mannes) or more simply the “Peasants’ War” following Engels’ study, even aroused the ire of the Pope of Protestantism, Martin Luther, who advised the nobility to slaughter the […]

Numerous Teslas have been set on fire in Berlin in recent weeks. This was the case, for example, of the two Teslas that caught fire on Monday night, April 23, at around 1.30 am in the Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg district. Both cars were completely burnt out, and the investigation was handed over to the Berlin state criminal police. The police are assuming arson, since the two cars were parked several meters apart and appear to have been set on fire individually. At around 2 a.m. on February 7, two Tesla cars had already been set on fire at two different locations in […]

A Federação Anarquista Capixaba (FACA) concedeu entrevista para a Agência de Notícias Anarquistas (ANA) em 29 de abril de 2024. Confira a entrevista a seguir. Agência de Notícias Anarquistas > Bem, vamos começar nossa conversa com a pergunta de sempre. Como surgiu a Federação Anarquista Capixaba (FACA)? Em quê contexto? É uma federação de grupos ou indivíduos?  FACA < A Federação Anarquista Capixaba (FACA) nasce em 2022. Somos um coletivo novo ainda. E esse nascimento se deu no contexto de reorganização do anarquismo no território dominado pelo estado do Espírito Santo. No início do século XX o anarquismo marcou presença nesta região, […]

Umas 200 pessoas foram à manifestação em Ciudad Real por causa da comemoração do 1º de Maio, Dia Internacional dos Trabalhadores e Trabalhadoras, convocada pela Confederação Nacional do Trabalho (CNT), este ano com o lema “Não deixaremos que acabem com tudo. Construamos juntas um mundo melhor”. O percurso como em anos anteriores, partia da plaza de las Terreras, onde uma companheira nos falou do sistema capitalista que nos explora, explora os recursos naturais, degradando o meio ambiente, de uma classe política corrupta e elitista (seja da cor que for) que destrói o público, ignora nossas necessidades e que nos arrasta […]

A Federação Anarquista Capixaba (FACA) concedeu entrevista para a Agência de Notícias Anarquistas (ANA) em 29 de abril de 2024. Confira a entrevista a seguir. Agência de Notícias Anarquistas > Bem, vamos começar nossa conversa com a pergunta de sempre. Como surgiu a Federação Anarquista Capixaba (FACA)? Em quê contexto? É uma federação de grupos ou indivíduos?  FACA < A Federação Anarquista Capixaba (FACA) nasce em 2022. Somos um coletivo novo ainda. E esse nascimento se deu no contexto de reorganização do anarquismo no território dominado pelo estado do Espírito Santo. No início do século XX o anarquismo marcou presença nesta região, […]